The roles of optometrists, opticians, and ophthalmologists are sometimes confused. Opticians are unlicensed craftspeople who fabricate and dispense lenses and frames; they do not examine eyes or prescribe treatment. Ophthalmologists are licensed physicians who provide medical and surgical care of the eyes.

Optometrists examine eyes and prescribe corrective lenses or treatment to protect and improve vision. They diagnose vision problems, eye diseases, or other abnormal conditions. They are licensed to prescribe corrective lenses, contact lenses, and other optical aids. They also prescribe treatment such as vision therapy to preserve, restore, and improve vision efficiency. Some optometrists specialize in one area such as contact lenses, sports vision, or vision therapy. Some specialize in working with children or the elderly.

Employment Options
In addition to general practice, there are many other areas in which optometrists can specialize such as geriatrics, pediatrics, sports vision, low vision, contact lenses, occupational vision, and vision therapy. Optometrists may also choose to conduct scientific research or enter optometric education.

Over 75% of optometrists are self-employed. Many beginning optometrists enter into associate practice with another optometrist or health care professional, while others may purchase an established practice. Some take salaried positions to obtain experience and the necessary funds to enter their own practice. They work in clinics, hospitals, government agencies, the military, educational institutions, and commercial settings such as retail chain stores.

Work schedules may include Saturday's. The work requires a lot of attention to detail.

Total Individual Net Income by Practice Type, 2006